Chapter 7- Principles

Transformation

Transformation refers to a growing change among an object.

The image above shows how Frank Gehry's architecture represents a single form that undergoes a transformation. The transformed shapes are repeater throughout the structure.

Image From:

http://billbarr.wordpress.com/category/get-2-know/

Chapter 7- Principles

Rhythm and Repetition

Rhythm and Repetition are principles of design that give a space a cohesiveness.

The image above shows how lighting and wall patterns can give an interior rhythm and repetition.

Image From:

http://www.archidose.org/Nov99/112999.html

Chapter 7- Principles

Datum

Datum referes to a line, plane or volume in which other elements relate.

The image above shows how the white city was planed so that the cornice of all of the buildings was at the same height.

Image From:

http://www.lasplash.com/publish/Entertainment/cat_index_chicago_events/The_Devil_in_the_White_City_Review-Chicago-Architechural.php

Chapter 7- Principles

Hierarchy

Hierarchy is shown by giving something a visual clue that it is more important than something else.

The images above show how the dome in the center is more important because it is larger and has more ornamentation.

Image From:

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=37318974

Chapter 7- Principles

Symmetry

Symmetry means that something is the same on both sides.

The image above shows how a framed mirror can be symmetrical.

Image From:

http://www.homebysunset.com/home_by_sunset/2007/09/sunburst-mirror.html

Chapter 7- Principles

Axis

An axis is a straight line that goes through something to show a specific quality.

The images above show how a line of axis can show symmetry.

Image From:

http://home.earthlink.net/~jdc24/motif.htm

Chapter 6- Proportion and Scale

Scale

Scale is a fixed proportion.

The image above shows how scale can dramatically effect the look of a room.

Image From:

Chapter 6- Proportion and Scale

Anthropomorphic

Anthropometry refers to the size and proportions of the human body.

The images above show how the human body is measured to create comfortable seating.

Image From:

http://mreed.umtri.umich.edu/mreed/research_anthro.html

Chapter 6- Proportion and Scale

The "Ken"

The "ken" is the Japanese unit of measurement based on the size of a floor mat.

The image above shows how panels in the house are measured using a "ken."

Image From:
http://www.xaraxone.com/FeaturedArt/oct04/html/01.htm

Chapter 6- Proportion and Scale

The Modular

Modular is a proportioning system developed by LeCorbusier. It is based in ergonomics and the human body.

The Image above shows how modular is used to measure the human body to create a more comfortable design.

Image From:
http://eshop.macsales.com/item/Rain%20Design/10032/

Chapter 6- Proportion and Scale

Renaissance Theories

The theories of the Renaissance architects was simular to that of the Greeks and Romans. They all believed that their architectural proportion had to follow a numeric formula.

One such architect was Andrea Palladio. The images above show how his architecture consisted of five parts.

Image From:
http://www.palladiomoderno.com/andrea-palladio-en/le_opere.asp

Chapter 6- Proportion and Scale

The Orders

The orders are how the Greeks and the Romans used a proportion to express beauty.

The images above show how columns use a specific proportion.

Image From:
http://www.otago.ac.nz/theoart/research/artsbuiltenvironment.html

Chapter 6- Proportion and Scale

Golden Section

A naturally occurring mathematical equation in which the sum of two numbers is equal to that of the lesser sums.

The image above shows the golden section in an interior.

Image From:
http://www.archidose.org/Jan00/011700.html

Chapter 5- Circulation

Form of the Circulation Space: Spiral

Spiral is a form of circulation in which one moves upward from one point to another in a circular motion.

The images above show how a spiral staircase is an example of spiral circulation.

Image From:
http://justinsomnia.org/2007/04/larc-et-quick/

Chapter 5- Circulation

Path-Space Relationship: Pass by Space

Pass by space is a type of path-space relationship in which there is a corridor to move through and rooms on either side.

A hallway is a good example of this.

Image From:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hallway,_Palacio_Real,_Madrid.jpg

Chapter 5- Circulation

Configuration of the Path: Network

Network is a type of configuration of path in which paths intersect at random points.

The Plan of Washington is a good example of this.

Image From:
http://www.georgeglazer.com/maps/newengland/mallplan.html

Chapter 5- Circulation

Building Entrance

A building entrance is how a building is entered.

The images above show a subtractive or depressed entry can give the user shelter.

Image From:
http://closing.vox.com/

Chapter 5- Circulation

Building Approach

A building approach is how one goes about way finding an entrance to a building.

The images above show how the Pantheon has a central approach. The entrance is located parallel to implied planes.

Image From:
http://www.planetware.com/picture/rome-pantheon-i-i1110.htm

Chapter 4- Organization

Spatial Organizations: Linear Organization

Linear organization is a type of spatial organization that is arranged in a line. the line can be straight or curved. Linear organization directs flow forward.

The image above is a galley kitchen. it is long and linear. the eye travels right across the linear countertops to the back of the space.

Image From:
http://www.greatinteriordesign.com/interior-design/interior-design-of-northwest-peach-farm-residence-in-east-hampton-ny-usa-by-bates-masi-architects/

Chapter 4- Organization

Spatial Organizations: Grid Organization

Grid organization is when elements in a space are arranges into even rows and columns.

The image above shows how desks in a classroom can be arranged in a grid. this also directs traffic circulation around the desks.

Image From:
http://www.lander.edu/mathcis/resource/

Chapter 4- Organization

Spatial Relationships: Spaces Linked by a Common Space

Spaces can be linked by a common space. The linking space can be linear, an independent form, an irregular form, opposing or dominant form.

The image above shows a linear linking space.

Image From:
http://www.greatinteriordesign.com/interior-design/interior-design-of-northwest-peach-farm-residence-in-east-hampton-ny-usa-by-bates-masi-architects/

Chapter 4- Organization

Spatial Relationships: Adjacent Spaces

Adjacent spaces are two spaces that are back to back. They can have access to each other or not.

The image above show a space that is visually separated by a partition wall.

Image From:
http://www.greatinteriordesign.com/interior-design/interior-design-of-northwest-peach-farm-residence-in-east-hampton-ny-usa-by-bates-masi-architects/

Chapter 4- Organization

Spatial Relationships: Interlocking Spaces

Interlocking Space is a type of spatial relationship that links two spaces. This is achieved by a common space.

The images above show how a garage entry may link a garage and a house.

Image From:

http://www.greatinteriordesign.com/interior-design/interior-design-of-northwest-peach-farm-residence-in-east-hampton-ny-usa-by-bates-masi-architects/

Chapter 3- Openings in Space Defining Elements

Openings at the edges of planes weaken the plane and bring the emphasis is on the existing plane not the negative space.

The Images above show how an opening at the top of a room further emphasizes the focal wall.

Image From:

http://homeofficedecoration.blogspot.com/2010/01/modern-apartment-interior-design.html

Chapter 3- Qualities of an Architectural Space

One quality to be considered in an architectural space is the view. Windows and sky lights usually provide enclosed rooms with a view outside or to adjacent rooms.

The images above show how an entire wall of windows create a backdrop for the activities inside the space.

Image From:
http://www.timberhomeliving.com/images_of_timber_home_windows/articles/2195